SymbolRu
Latin nameRuthenium
Atomic number44
Period5
Element categoryTransition elements
Relative atomic mass101.07
GroupVIII.B
Electronegativity
2.2
Oxidation numbers
2, 3, 4, 6, 8
Electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d7 5s1
Density [g/cm3]
12.41
State
Solid
Melting point [°C]
2300
Boiling point [°C]
4000
Atomic radius [pm]
178
Covalent radius [pm]
126
Thermal conductivity [W m-1K-1]
117
Heat capacity [J K-1g-1]
0.238
Discovery
1843
Hardness [Mohs scale]
6.5
Brinell hardness [MPa]
2160
Young's modulus [GPa]
447
Electrical conductivity [S m-1]
1.4 · 107
Shear modulus [GPa]
173
1.st ionization energy [eV]
7.3605
2.nd ionization energy [eV]
16.76
3.rd ionization energy [eV]
28.47
Stable isotopes
7
Unstable isotopes
9