SymbolGe
Latin nameGermanium
Atomic number32
Period4
Element categoryMetalloids
Relative atomic mass72.61
GroupIV.A
Electronegativity
1.8
Oxidation numbers
2, 4
Electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2
Density [g/cm3]
5.32
State
Solid
Melting point [°C]
937.4
Boiling point [°C]
2830
Thermal conductivity [W m-1K-1]
59.9
Heat capacity [J K-1g-1]
0.32
Discovery
1885
Hardness [Mohs scale]
6.25
Electrical conductivity [S m-1]
2 · 103
1.st ionization energy [eV]
7.9
2.nd ionization energy [eV]
15.934
3.rd ionization energy [eV]
34.22
Stable isotopes
2
Unstable isotopes
11