SymbolGd
Latin nameGadolinium
Atomic number64
Period6
Element categoryInner transition elements
Relative atomic mass157.25
GroupIII.B
Electronegativity
1.1
Oxidation numbers
3
Electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 5d1 6s2
Density [g/cm3]
7.9
State
Solid
Melting point [°C]
1311
Boiling point [°C]
3266
Atomic radius [pm]
233
Covalent radius [pm]
196
Thermal conductivity [W m-1K-1]
10.6
Heat capacity [J K-1g-1]
0.236
Discovery
1880
Vickers hardness [MPa]
570
Brinell hardness [MPa]
180
Young's modulus [GPa]
55
Electrical conductivity [S m-1]
7.7 · 105
Shear modulus [GPa]
22
1.st ionization energy [eV]
6.15
2.nd ionization energy [eV]
12.095
3.rd ionization energy [eV]
20.635
Stable isotopes
7
Unstable isotopes
11